Understanding Property Documents – What Every Buyer Should Know By Satyam – Property Consultant with 4+ Years of Field Experience

Over the last four years of working closely with buyers, I’ve realized that the most confusing part of the property-buying process isn’t just choosing the right home—it’s understanding the paperwork that comes with it.

Property documents can be tricky, full of legal language and technical details that most buyers aren’t familiar with. But here’s the truth: one mistake or missing paper can lead to major legal or financial trouble.

In this blog, I’ll simplify the entire process and walk you through the must-check property documents—based on real experiences I’ve had while helping clients secure their dream homes.

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1. Title Deed – Proof of Ownership

This is the most important document of all. It shows who legally owns the property.

What to check:

The seller’s name should match the name on the ID proof and sale deed.

It should be a clear title—no joint ownership (unless disclosed), no disputes.

Verify it’s not mortgaged or used as collateral.

Satyam’s tip: I personally cross-check title deeds with local land records before letting my clients proceed.

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2. Sale Deed – Your Proof of Purchase

This is the official document that proves you bought the property.

Key details to confirm:

Accurate property description (size, area, location, survey number)

Agreed sale price and payment terms

Signatures of both parties and proper registration at the sub-registrar office

Note: Sale deed is created only after final payment and becomes your legal proof of ownership.

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3. Encumbrance Certificate – Free From Legal Dues

This certificate confirms that the property is free from any loans, disputes, or unpaid dues.

How it helps:

Confirms the seller has the right to sell

Shows the transaction history of the property

Ensures no hidden financial issues

I never recommend buying a property without checking this certificate—especially if it’s a resale property.

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4. Building Plan Approval

For apartments or houses, it’s critical to check whether the construction has been approved by the local municipal authority.

What to verify:

The layout plan matches the actual structure

No illegal floors or deviations from approved design

Illegal constructions can be demolished later by authorities, and the buyer is left helpless. I’ve seen it happen, and I always make sure this document is checked upfront.

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5. Completion Certificate (CC)

Issued by local authorities once the builder completes construction as per approved plan.

Why it matters:

Confirms the property is safe and ready

Needed for applying for water, electricity, and property tax connections

If you’re buying a ready-to-move home, this is a must-have.

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6. Occupancy Certificate (OC)

Issued after the Completion Certificate, this document certifies that the building is fit to live in.

It shows that:

The construction followed all norms

Basic facilities like drainage, water, and safety systems are in place

The local authority has approved the structure for occupancy